Naturalistic accounts of culture share the assumption that culture is nothing more than information in people minds/brains and the environment. They do not provide, however, neither a definition nor a theory of information. I address this lacuna adopting a theory of information called “Situation Theory” (Barwise and Perry, 1983). I argue that the notions of constraint and attunement allow to account for cultural information, and, furthermore, that culture is, at a fundamental level, constituted by a set of constraints. Constraints are (...) necessary for information to flow, and attunement to constraints is necessary for an organism to exploit such cultural information. Keywords: Situations, situation theory, naturalistic theories of culture, cultural groups, constraints, conventions. (shrink)

The aim of the present research was to test whether involvement in a 14-days training program in the performing arts could reduce implicit biases. We asked healthy participants to complete an Implicit Association Test to assess biased attitudes to physical illness in two separate sessions, before and after the training program. Two separate control groups matched by age, gender and educational level completed the two IAT sessions, separated by same number of days, without being involved in the training program. Results (...) showed that participants who were involved in the training program reduced their implicit bias toward illness measured through IAT in the second session. This reduction in IAT measures was not observed in the control samples, despite the two IAT measures being matched in temporal delay with the experimental group. These findings suggest that an interventional program based on the performing arts could be effective in reducing levels of implicit biases among the general population. (shrink)

SUMARIO Artículos ¿Por qué democracia? Referencia a los derechos humanos y a la ciudadanía. Why democracy? Reference to human rights and citizenship. Bozo de Carmona, Ana Julia Libertad de expresión y "libertad cómica". Free speech and "comical liberty".Calvo González, José La justicia según J. Finnis. Justice according to John Finnis. Hocevar G., Mayda G. El lenguaje sagrado y su escritura. The sacred language and its writing. Lizaola, Julieta Del carácter coactivo de la μετηνεστασζ en Tucídides. On cornening to compelling (...) nature of Thucydides' μετηνεστασζ. Meabe, Joaquín E. Apuntes para una filosofía crítica de la historia regional. Notes for a critical philosophy concern to the regional history. Mora García, José Pascual Competencia política partidista en los textos de Simón Bolívar . The defender political competition in the Simon Bolivar’s writings . Ortiz Palanques, Marco Fundamentación socio-jurídica de los procesos normativos. Social and juridical reasoning about the normatives changes. Pavó Acosta, Rolando Filosofía y psicopatología en Karl Jaspers: los entramados de la existencia. Philosophy and psychopathology in Karl Jaspers: the studworks of the existence. Portuondo Pajón, Gladys L. La doctrina platónica del alma en la «república». The platonic doctrine of the soul in the «republic» dialogue. Suzzarini, Andrés Una aproximación a la concepción romana del derecho. An estimate study to the roman concept of law. Terán Pimentel, Milagros Interdisciplinares Lo dionisíaco y lo apolíneo en Don Juan Tenorio. The dionysiac and the apolline in Don Juan Tenorio. Pérez Lo Presti, Alirio. (shrink)

O presente ensaio coloca em evidência o “estatuto da literatura” e as questões relativas ao seu ensino na universidade. Para tanto, traça uma problematização sobre as condições materiais e ideológicas em que se dá o ensino de literatura em um curso de Licenciatura em Letras – Português e Inglês, fazendo uma revisão de dois textos seminais de Antonio Candido, “A literatura e a formação do homem” (1977) e “O direito à literatura” (1988) e as leituras que se construíram em torno (...) deles, principalmente o recente estudo publicado por Paulo Caetano e Luiz Penido. Tal discussão dá-se mediante problematizações acerca do estatuto da universidade no século XXI, da precarização do trabalho e a sublimação do complexo internético e das TIC’s no contexto do “rumo a um mundo pós-capitalista”, de acordo com Jonathan Crary, e uma crítica à cultura informacional, partindo da discussão com Glaucia Dunley. (shrink)

Autonomy has been central to moral and political philosophy for millenia, and has been positioned as a critical aspect of both justice and wellbeing. Research in psychology supports this position, providing empirical evidence that autonomy is critical to motivation, personal growth and psychological wellness. Responsible AI will require an understanding of, and ability to effectively design for, human autonomy (rather than just machine autonomy) if it is to genuinely benefit humanity. Yet the effects on human autonomy of digital experiences are (...) neither straightforward nor consistent, and are complicated by commercial interests and tensions around compulsive overuse. This multi-layered reality requires an analysis that is itself multidimensional and that takes into account human experience at various levels of resolution. We borrow from HCI and psychological research to apply a model (“METUX”) that identifies six distinct spheres of technology experience. We demonstrate the value of the model for understanding human autonomy in a technology ethics context at multiple levels by applying it to the real-world case study of an AI-enhanced video recommender system. In the process we argue for the following three claims: 1) There are autonomy-related consequences to algorithms representing the interests of third parties, and they are not impartial and rational extensions of the self, as is often perceived; 2) Designing for autonomy is an ethical imperative critical to the future design of responsible AI; and 3) Autonomy-support must be analysed from at least six spheres of experience in order to approriately capture contradictory and downstream effects. (shrink)

The field of neuroaesthetics attempts to identify the brain processes underlying aesthetic experience, including but not limited to beauty. Previous neuroaesthetic studies have focussed largely on paintings and music, while performing arts such as dance have been less studied. Nevertheless, increasing knowledge of the neural mechanisms that represent the bodies and actions of others, and which contribute to empathy, make a neuroaesthetics of dance timely. Here, we present the first neuroscientific study of aesthetic perception in the context of the performing (...) arts. We investigated brain areas whose activity during passive viewing of dance stimuli was related to later, independent aesthetic evaluation of the same stimuli. Brain activity of six naïve male subjects was measured using fMRI, while they watched 24 dance movements, and performed an irrelevant task. In a later session, participants rated each movement along a set of established aesthetic dimensions. The ratings were used to identify brain regions that were more active when viewing moves that received high average ratings than moves that received low average ratings. This contrast revealed bilateral activity in the occipital cortices and in right premotor cortex. Our results suggest a possible role of visual and sensorimotor brain areas in an automatic aesthetic response to dance. This sensorimotor response may explain why dance is widely appreciated in so many human cultures. (shrink)

RESUMEN Se propone rastrear la interpretación que Schiller lleva a cabo en las Cartas sobre la educación estética del hombre del análisis kantiano del juicio de gusto puro como asociado con una suspensión de toda determinación que hace posible la experiencia de la belleza. Para Schiller, esto resulta en una temporalidad de lo bello experimentada como suspensión, que se torna adicionalmente en una suspensión de la temporalidad. El artículo muestra cómo este concepto resulta esencial para el concepto de crítica estética (...) en Schiller, que se relaciona con una capacidad de la experiencia estética de desactivar formas de violencia que, según el diagnóstico que Schiller propone en las Cartas, saturan su presente histórico. Con ello, el artículo pretende mostrar la pertinencia de la obra de Schiller para la configuración de este aspecto de la crítica filosófica-histórica. ABSTRACT This article proposes to trace Schiller's interpretation in the Aesthetic Letters of Kant's pure judgement of taste in connection to a suspension of all determination that makes the experience of beauty possible. For Schiller, this analysis conducts to a temporality of the beautiful experienced as suspension, which becomes itself a suspension of temporality as such. This paper shows the importance of this interpretation of temporality for Schiller's conception of aesthetic critique, related to aesthetic experience's capacity to deactivate forms of violence that, according to the diagnosis Schiller proposes in the Letters, saturate his historical present. Thus, this article shows the relevance of Schiller's aesthetics for a philosophical historical conception of critique. (shrink)

RESUMEN Cuando se mira la masacre de El Salado, es difícil no preguntarse por los factores que llevaron a esta comunidad de los Montes de María, en el contexto de la guerra rural que vivía Colombia a finales del siglo XX, a volverse un objetivo militar por parte de las A.U.C. (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia), es decir, a recibir la marca o estigma de 'pueblo guerrillero'; en otras palabras, a convertirse en un pueblo masacrable. El presente artículo intenta abordar esta (...) cuestión y para ello analiza las consecuencias de la ocupación de las FARC desde su ingreso a la región en los noventa. Los modos como este poder fareano dispuso de lógicas guerreristas y dejó poco margen de maniobra y libertad para los pobladores de El Salado; los saladeros no tuvieron opción ni libertad, y la cohabitación se confundió con la colaboración, la pasividad con la pertenencia. En una segunda parte, revisa los efectos de la arremetida brutal de las FARC contra cierto grupo de pobladores (en especial, ganaderos y fuerza pública); de algún modo, la masacre del 2000, ejecutada por las AUC, fue una respuesta impulsada por un odio desmedido frente a una violencia también excesiva por parte de las FARC en los años anteriores a la masacre. En este apartado, se habla acerca del odio y la venganza que se constituyen en afectos que contribuyeron decisivamente -entre otros más- a la masacre del año 2000. Las elaboraciones sobre la economía del odio de Sara Ahmed (2015) y las de Laura Quintana sobre los afectos (2020 y 2021) serán fundamentales. ABSTRACT When looking at the El Salado massacre, we wonder about the factors that led this town of los Montes de María, in the context of the rural war in Colombia at the end of the 20th century, to become a military objective by the A.U.C (Autodefensas Unidas de Colombia), that is, to receive the brand or stigma of 'guerrilla people'; that is, to become a massacrable town. This article tries to address this issue, thus analyzing the consequences of the FARC occupation since its entry into the region in the nineties. Ways like this Farean power had warmer logic and left little room for maneuver and freedom for the residents of El Salado; The saladeros had no choice or freedom, and cohabitation was confused with collaboration, passivity with belonging. in a second part, it reviews the effects of the brutal attack by the FARC against a certain group of residents (especially, ranchers and the military); in a way, the 2000 massacre, carried out by the AUC, was an inordinately hateful response to excessive violence by the FARC in the years before the massacre. In this section, we talk about the hatred and revenge that constitute elements that contributed decisively -among others- to the 2000 massacre. The elaborations on the economy of hate by Sara Ahmed (2015) and the elaborations of Laura Quintana on affects (2020 and 2021) will be fundamental. (shrink)

Tomando como pretexto el concepto de libertad como no-dominación acuñado por Philip Pettit en su celebre Republicanismo, este breve artículo discurre mostrando el proyecto walzeriano de una sociedad libre de dominación, en la cual hombres y mujeres no se sientan subyugados bajo ningún poder y en ..

‘Plant neurobiology’ has emerged in recent years as a multidisciplinary endeavor carried out mainly by steady collaboration within the plant sciences. The field proposes a particular approach to the study of plant intelligence by putting forward an integrated view of plant signaling and adaptive behavior. Its objective is to account for the way plants perceive and act in a purposeful manner. But it is not only the plant sciences that constitute plant neurobiology. Resources from philosophy and cognitive science are central (...) to such an interdisciplinary project, if plant neurobiology is to maintain its target well-focused. This manifesto outlines a road map for the establishment and development of a new subject—the Philosophy of Plant Neurobiology—, a new field of research emerging at the intersection of the philosophy of cognitive science and plant neurobiology. The discipline is herewith presented, introducing challenges and novel lines of engagement with the empirical investigation, and providing an explanatory framework and guiding principles that will hopefully ease the integration of research on the quest for plant intelligence. (shrink)

Mark Rowlands develops a novel account of remembering in which episodic memories survive in a mutated form after their content has been long forgotten. He dubs this account “Rilkean memories.” I draw from this account to argue that episodic memories of past epistemic harms resulting from Miranda Fricker’s account of testimonial injustice, can persist as embodied behavioral or bodily dispositions that have negative epistemic and practical consequences long after these episodic memories have been forgotten. The way that others judge us (...) as epistemic agents—as people with the capacity to know or the ability to contribute to the pool of knowledge—and following this judgment, treat or fail to treat us as epistemic agents can cause us to adopt attitudes or behaviors with consequences to our epistemic agency. When embodied as Rilkean memories, these attitudes or behaviors raise new difficulties and become quite difficult to eradicate. (shrink)

El egoísmo constituye uno de los aspectos fundamentales de la teoría económica tradicional. Propuesto y desarrollado durante la revolución marginalista y convertido en axioma por la escuela neoclásica, la natural propensión del agente económico a maximizar su propio interés otorga robustez y consistencia a la teoría mediante la reducción de toda la realidad comportamental del agente económico. El objetivo del presente estudio es tratar de mostrar las implicaciones éticas y afectivas para una teoría axiomatizada con pretensiones de consistencia y completitud (...) como la desarrollada y defendida por la teoría económica tradicional. (shrink)

Education is a key factor for human development and social progress. However, in the context of capitalism, education is also influenced by economic inequalities and power structures. Scientific information selected through a critical review has identified the main theories and findings regarding education conceived within the capitalist model and inherent social mobility. The results demonstrate that in more egalitarian states, wage increases associated with education vary only slightly based on socioeconomic status. However, significant class disparities exist in states with moderate (...) to high levels of inequality. While some argue that education can be a tool for upward mobility, others emphasize how capitalism and pre-existing inequalities can limit such mobility. Understanding this relationship is crucial for addressing issues of equity and social justice in capitalist societies. (shrink)

Health, such as the industry, university or city, is immersed in a process of digital transformation generated by the possibility and technological convergence of the Internet of Things (IoT), Big Data and Artificial Intelligence on the one hand and their consequences on the other: hyperconnectivity, datafication and algorithmization. This is a process of transformation towards what has come to be called Smart Health, Health 4.0 or mHealth. However, despite the enormous potential that underlies the digitization of the healthcare sector, this (...) process can have very negative effects both for the sector and its organizations and for the system’s user. One of the most worrying questions at this moment is the aspect and the force that bioethification is taking; that is, the process by which mass data on the opinions, preferences and behaviors of the hyperconnected users of the cyber-physical assistance system are stored, crossed and processed, on the basis of an utilitarian criterion, to determine through mathematical models what is morally valid. The aim of the present study is to analyze the present and future consequences of bioethification in the health field, as well as to propose guidelines to undertake a socially responsible and morally valid digitalization. Key words: bioethification, moral deliberation, discursive ethics, clinical practice, smart health, smart hospital. (shrink)

v. 1. Estética, fenomenología y hermenéutica -- v. 2. Filosofía de la ciencia, filosofía del lenguaje y filosofía de la psiquiatría -- v. 3. Ética y filosofía política, filosofía de la religión e historia de la filosofía.

Se desarrollan analíticamente cuatro proposiciones: I) La tensión democracia-autoritarismo es constitutiva de la identidad de las democracias latinoamericanas, II) La novedad del nuevo autoritarismo reside en su articulación como proyecto total que lo singulariza como totalitarismo que se l..

Este artículo analiza la potencia desestabilizadora de la gramática política de la Educación Sexual Integral y su posibilidad de gestar en las escuelas espacios incluyentes en un contexto socio-cultural conservador. Se describe la puesta en acto de la ESI en una provincia del Noroeste Argentino a través de datos relevados en la consulta a estudiantes efectuadas por el Operativo Aprender en 2019 y registros cualitativos de trabajo de campo en escuelas que acogen sujetos de la diversidad sexo-genérica.

En El sentido de la filosofía, Antonio Zirión se propone analizar, entre otras cosas, el papel y la función que cumple la fenomenología en la obra y el pensamiento de José Gaos. En mi comentario abordo, en primer lugar, el contraste entre los conceptos de fenomenología y método fenomenológico de Husserl y Gaos. En segundo lugar, recupero la discusión acerca de los límites entre fenomenología y metafísica al interior del pensamiento de Gaos, lo que desemboca en un concepto más amplio (...) de fenomenología, vinculado a la idea de una filosofía científica. En tercer lugar, propongo otro acercamiento posible a los motivos fenomenológicos en Gaos. (shrink)

El trabajo analiza las razones para la acción. A partir de la distinción entre los enfoques de decisión racional y altruismo recíproco, el artículo examina sucesivamente ambos modelos, concluyendo con una breve observación sobre el poder de las profecías que se auto-cumplen. El texto argumenta que el enfoque de la decisión racional se basa en suposiciones erróneas sobre la naturaleza humana y, por consiguiente, conduce a predicciones igualmente equivocadas.

A compilation of articles on the philosophy of juridical thought on subjects such as war and terrorism, constitutional interpretation, the private life of judges, juridical thinking on 21st century challenges, etc.

El pluralismo como factum es un pluralismo ético, de concepciones de vida buena -religiosas o no-, mientras el pluralismo como idea regulativa, es una tarea política que, desde la modernidad hasta el presente, exige al pensamiento y a la imaginación. Para abordar la temática que nos convoca en este Congreso, me propongo tener en cuenta las dos aristas -descriptiva y normativa- del pluralismo, es decir, asumir que las condiciones de la diferencia en el mundo moderno no eran ni tantas ni (...) las mismas que las presentes, esto es, atender a la innegable ampliación del escenario geográfico y de los movimientos y grupos que quieren afirmar su identidad frente a una cultura hegemónica. Tal cartografía invita a reconstruir las intuiciones normativas del liberalismo político -primera versión de respuesta al reto del pluralismo ético- hasta su versión más elaborada en el debate contemporáneo, con el objetivo de indagar si ellas pueden servir de modelo para enfrentar los retos del presente. Lo haré a partir de la propuesta de Jürgen Habermas, a mi juicio no solo uno de los defensores más claros del liberalismo, sino el artífice de una de las versiones más sólidas y novedosas de esta tradición. [Fragmento]. (shrink)

O ensaio propõe a leitura de duas estórias de Guimarães Rosa, “A terceira margemdo rio”, de Primeiras estórias, e “Desenredo”, de Tutameia, as quais, em algum momento, serãocotejadas com Bartleby, o escrivão, de Melville. Partindo dos títulos rosianos, deduzir-se-ãoduas potências, uma neutralizadora que abdica de tudo, a outra, também neutralizadora, quequer tudo, propondo, por fim, uma ideia de leitura que se encerra nas estórias.

El trabajo propone sentar las bases de un giro de las interpretaciones habituales de la silogística aristotélica. En nuestra lectura no se parte de la idea normativa de un hipotético pensamiento puro al que la lógica aristotélica pretendiese acceder por primera vez. La investigación aristotélica de los analíticos partiría, más bien, del uso implícito de un término (ὑπάρχειν + dat.) en el lenguaje corriente (el proceder habitual de sus investigaciones) para explorar los distintos significados que tales usos presuponen. El silogismo (...) sería la herramienta para efectuar esta labor siendo así que las ambigüedades que pone de manifiesto no serán errores a solventar por el intérprete, sino la expresión irreductible del interpretado mismo. (shrink)

Life in the text and the text in life: here we would place an “ethos of reading”. To sustain this, the categories of “subject” and “object” are rethought; the process of ethic liberation of sensibility and pleasure encouraged by Kant are described; the independence of taste with respect to knowle..

Political solutions to problems like global warming and social justice are often stymied by an inability to productively communicate in everyday conversations. Motivated by these communication problems, the paper considers the role of the virtuous listener in conversations. Rather than the scripted exchanges of information between individuals, we focus on lively, intra-active conversations that are mediating events. In such conversations, the listener plays a participatory role by contributing to the content and form of the conversation. Unlike Miranda Fricker’s negative virtue (...) of testimonial justice, which neutralizes the listener’s identity-prejudices in their credibility judgments of the speaker’s testimony, we consider the positive virtues of a good listener. These positive virtues enable listeners to productively contribute to the conversation by helping create the fertile epistemic space of a non-adversarial, caring relationship that facilitates critical and creative thinking. (shrink)